What is a Gaffer?
What is a Gaffer?
A Gaffer, also known as the Chief Lighting Technician, is the head of the lighting department on a film, television, or video production set. They are responsible for designing and implementing the lighting plan to achieve the desired visual effect as envisioned by the Director of Photography (DoP). Gaffers work closely with the DoP, key grip, and other crew members to ensure that all lighting setups are executed efficiently and safely.
Key Skills of a Gaffer:
Expertise in Lighting Techniques
Knowledge of Electrical Systems
Problem-Solving Abilities
Strong Communication Skills
Leadership and Team Management
Attention to Detail
What does a Gaffer do?
A Gaffer is essential in managing and executing a film's lighting design. In pre-production, they analyze the script, collaborate with the DoP to develop a lighting plan, select and prepare lighting equipment, scout locations, and plan electrical requirements. During production, they oversee the installation and positioning of lights, supervise the lighting crew, resolve lighting issues, ensure safety compliance, and make adjustments based on feedback from the DoP and director. In post-production, they maintain detailed lighting documentation and ensure all equipment is properly dismantled, packed, and returned to inventory.
1) Pre-Production
Script Analysis: Review the script to understand the lighting requirements for each scene.
Lighting Plan Development: Collaborate with the DoP to develop a detailed lighting plan that includes the types of lights, their placement, and the required effects.
Equipment Planning: Select the necessary lighting equipment and ensure it is available and in good working condition.
Location Scouting: Visit shooting locations to assess the lighting needs and identify potential challenges.
Technical Planning: Determine the electrical requirements for the lighting setup, including power sources and distribution.
2) Production
Lighting Setup: Oversee the installation and positioning of lights according to the lighting plan.
Team Supervision: Direct the lighting crew, including best boys and lighting technicians, to ensure all tasks are completed efficiently.
Problem-Solving: Address and resolve any lighting issues that arise during filming, such as equipment malfunctions or changes in lighting conditions.
Safety Management: Ensure all lighting setups are safe and comply with industry safety standards.
Lighting Adjustments: Make real-time adjustments to the lighting setup based on the DoP's and director's feedback.
Collaboration: Work closely with the DoP, key grip, and other crew members to integrate the lighting plan with the overall production design.
3) Post-Production Support
Lighting Documentation: Maintain detailed records of lighting setups and equipment used for reference in post-production.
Equipment Pack-Up: Ensure all lighting equipment is properly dismantled, packed, and returned to inventory after shooting wraps.
How Much Do Gaffers Cost in the UK?
According to the Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union (BECTU), the rates for Gaffers vary based on the nature of the work and the specific demands of the project. Here are the rates:
Shooting/Rigging (10hr + 1hr lunch): £406
Rigging or Prep (8hr Rate): £328
These rates can vary based on the production's budget, the Gaffer's experience, and the specific requirements of the project. High-budget productions typically offer higher rates compared to smaller, independent projects.
Getting Started as a Gaffer in the UK:
Networking Events for Gaffers
British Society of Cinematographers (BSC) Events: Participate in events and workshops to connect with experienced professionals.
BAFTA Events: Engage in BAFTA-organized events to meet industry peers and expand your professional network.
Film Festivals: Network with industry professionals at events like the BFI London Film Festival and Edinburgh International Film Festival.
Experience
Short Film Projects: Gain practical experience by working on short films to build a portfolio.
Internships: Apply for internships with production companies to learn from experienced gaffers and lighting technicians.
Entry-Level Roles: Start with roles such as Lighting Technician or Best Boy to develop foundational skills and industry knowledge.
Job Resources
Mandy.com: Find job listings for Gaffers and related roles in the video production industry.
Shooting People: Access resources for independent filmmakers, including job listings and networking opportunities.
ProductionBase: Utilize job listings and career development resources tailored for film and TV professionals.
Final Thoughts
Gaffers play a crucial role in shaping the visual aesthetics of a production through their expertise in lighting. They ensure that every scene is lit to perfection, contributing significantly to the overall mood and atmosphere of the film. Their technical skills, problem-solving abilities, and leadership make them indispensable members of the production team, ensuring that the director’s and DoP’s vision is brought to life on screen.
